Hartland Summer Conference 2018: Prepared for the Final Crisis

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Hartland Institute of Health and Education

David Emerson

Get Thin

We're going to talk about weight control.

It seems to be 1 of the more prevalent topics today.

Many people ask, what causes people to be too heavy?

And the common concept is, well, it's either too little exercise, too few calories out, or too many calories in.

We're going to find out about, actually there is a group who has the same activity level as the American office worker, same activity level, but they weigh 20% less.

So they thought, well, if the activity is the same and they weigh 20% less, it must be because they're starving them.

But when they measured the calories, they were eating 30% more calories.

So would you like to know what their secret is?

It's actually defined by the body mass index.

It's your weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared.

This compensates for people of different heights.

A normal weight or healthy weight is BMI of 20 to 25, overweight is 25 to 30, obese would be 30 to 40, morbidly obese would be over 40.

Do you have to, If you want to figure out your body mass index, do you have to have a calculator to do it?

You can go across the top and find your weight, and then go down to find your height.

And you find out that you're too short for your weight.

That's 1 way to find out what your body mass index is.

It costs us, our nation, about $17 billion a year in the year 2000.

1 in 4 adults is obese in America, causes death, contributes to the death of 300, 000 Americans each year, and it's associated with other problems like diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.

In the Framingham study, this was a study done sometime after World War II, they looked at the town of Framingham and they were looking for risk factors, things that increase your risk of illness, heart attack, strokes, and death.

This is where they found that, say, your serum chloride had nothing to do with whether you got a heart attack or not, but your serum cholesterol did high correlation.

This is where we started understanding about risk factors.

Risk factors like high blood pressure increasing your risk of heart attacks and strokes.

And they found that obesity was a significant risk factor for premature death.

Conferred a 50 to 100 percent increased risk of premature death.

Now, who wants to know about your risk factors?

In other words, who wants to know if obesity is going to shorten your life or not?

Well, maybe, but it's sort of a kind of a passing interest.

Now, they won't ask you if you're obese or not.

They will just ask you what's your height, what's your weight, and then they'll calculate your body mass index, and based on that, they know how much to charge you so that they can cover your death benefit when you die.

Now, Aside from, of course, the health risks, there's social problems, and it's fun.

If I wanted to, if I was in a hospital, I wanted to talk to a group of nurses, all I had to do was talk to 1 about weight control and, boom, I shortly had a crowd of nurses there wanting to know about weight control.

Based on surveys done in 2000, obesity went from, the prevalence went from about 23% in 1994 to 30% in 2000.

Here is a graph, I usually like to point out, but if you look under 1991, on the west coast, the light blue, very light blue, that is 10% of the population or less had obesity.

On the east coast, the slightly darker blue was 15% or less.

In less than 5 years, the west coast went from 10 to 15, the east coast went from 15 to 20, and then in another 2000, the west coast went from 15 to 20, the east coast went from 20 to 25 percent and then in the little inset on the right lower corner, it jumped another 5 percent on the west coast and another 5 percent on the East Coast.

I recently or sometime I took an airplane flight and sat next to a lady who designed airplane seats for commercial airlines and they had to make them larger because people aren't fitting in the old seats.

And Southwestern Airlines got upset at 1 point and they said they're going to put their foot down.

They said, if you can't fit in 1 seat, we're going to sell you tickets for 2 seats.

And so I saw this little cartoon, showed this bean pole of a guy, really thin guy, going up to the Southwest ticket agent and she's saying, no sir, I can't sell you half a ticket.

Well, the newsstands have a new diet every month.

And why can they get away with doing this every month?

So they have a ready supply of customers to sell their magazines.

1 example, McCall's 1992 issue, showed how Oprah, how 2 years earlier, had lost 67 pounds and all the world rejoiced.

And then, when this article came out, she had gained all the weight back plus then.

However, on the next page, there was an interview with Dr.

Callaway showing that her failure was predictable.

And someone with her resources should have been able to get the counseling to tell her not to do the low calorie diet because it will cause a rebound effect.

Again, the caption reads, slender or starved.

The implication is do you have to be starved to be slender?

Have low calorie diets worked in the past?

This was a question asked as far back as 1959.

Stunkard and McLaren-Yume, they did a survey of the previous low-calorie diet studies over the past 30 years.

They found only 7 were considered well designed and well documented.

With the exception of 1, a maximum of only 29% of the patients lost 20 pounds or more.

And they questioned, they said, why the failure?

He looked at the next 100 patients coming to the clinic for a low calorie diet.

And they put them on a 800 to 1500 calorie diet.

To get a perspective, a normal intake would be 2500 to 3000 calories per day.

So this was about a third to half as many calories as you would normally take in.

Well, at the end of treatment up there, you see the circle there, only 12 percent, 12 out of 100 lost 20 pounds or more.

By the end of 1 year, right under that 12 mark, only 6 were successful in maintaining it, and at the end of 2 years, only 2 out of a hundred were able to maintain the weight loss.

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